Solution 1 :

Yes you could with Jquery Attr Selector

$('div[data-value=modalDataValue]').modal('show')

Solution 2 :

Yes you can do like

$('#alarm[data-value=YOUR_VALUE_YOU_GET_VIA_PHP]').modal('show')

You can learn more about selectors at https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_ref_selectors.asp

I suggest you get the data via an ID $(#alarm) that is unique in the document.

Problem :

I have the following function for calling the modal”

function openModal(x) {
(function ($) {

    $('#alarm').modal('show'); 
    })(jQuery);

}

and for the modal:

 <div id="alarm" class="modal fade modal-alert" data-value="'.$element['eventId'].'">
                <div class="modal-dialog">
                    <div class="modal-content">
                        <div class="modal-header">
                            Title
                        </div>
                         <div class="modal-body" id="boxPopUpPushCommand" style="text-align:left !important">
                            Body texts here 


                        </div>
                    </div><!-- /.modal-content -->
                </div><!-- /.modal-dialog -->
            </div><!-- /.modal --> 

Trying to open a specific modal using the data-value and not the id?

By