If you’re using bootstrap 4… you can just make your grid of 4 as col-6
(I used md) since it will run to the next row automatically without ruining the layout. If you are using bootstrap 3 you have to use a counter to increment the rows.
<div class="row">
<!-- Real Data -->
<?php
$lastPagePosts = new WP_Query(
array('posts_per_page' => 1
));
while ($lastPagePosts->have_posts()) {
$lastPagePosts->the_post(); ?>
<div class="col-sm-12 col-lg-6 big-box">
<h2><?php the_title(); ?></h2>
<p><?php echo wp_trim_words( get_the_content() , 12 ) ?></p>
</div>
<?php } ?>
<div class="col">
<div class="row">
<?php
$topPagePosts = new WP_Query(
array('posts_per_page' => 4, 'offset' => 1
));
while ($topPagePosts->have_posts()) {
$topPagePosts->the_post(); ?>
<div class="col-md-6">
<h2><?php echo wp_trim_words( get_the_title() , 6) ?></h2>
<p><?php echo wp_trim_words( get_the_content() , 9 ) ?></p>
</div>
<?php } ?>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dummy Data -->
<div class="col-sm-12 col-lg-6 big-box">
<h2>Latest News</h2>
<p>The big bog will display the most resent post.</p>
</div>
<div class="col">
<div class="row">
<div class="col mini-box">
<h2>Second</h2>
<p>The big bog will display the Second most resent post.</p>
</div>
<div class="col mini-box">
<h2>Third</h2>
<p>The big bog will display the Third most resent post.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col mini-box">
<h2>Fourth</h2>
<p>The big bog will display the Fourth most resent post.</p>
</div>
<div class="col mini-box">
<h2>Fifth</h2>
<p>The big bog will display the Fifth most resent post.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>