You don’t need to run loops on both image and path arrays. Run the loop on any one array. Keep incrementing the iterator count and set the src of current iterator indexed image.
let arr = ['path1', 'path2', 'path3'];
// get all images
let img = document.getElementsByClassName('img-thumbnail')
// initialize iterator with 0
let i=0;
for(let el of arr){
// set attribute of corresponding image
img[i++].setAttribute('src', el)
}
<div class="col-8">
<div class="row produit-desc-lense">
<div class="col-4 text-center border-bottom">
<img class="img-fluid rounded img-thumbnail" alt="/">
<h5>caméra 2</h5>
</div>
<div class="col-4 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border-bottom">
<p></p>
</div>
<div class="col-4 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border-bottom">
<select id="selectNumber">
<option>Choose a number</option>
</select>
</div>
</div><div class="row produit-desc-lense">
<div class="col-4 text-center border-bottom">
<img class="img-fluid rounded img-thumbnail" alt="/">
<h5>caméra 2</h5>
</div>
<div class="col-4 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border-bottom">
<p></p>
</div>
<div class="col-4 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border-bottom">
<select id="selectNumber">
<option>Choose a number</option>
</select>
</div>
</div><div class="row produit-desc-lense">
<div class="col-4 text-center border-bottom">
<img class="img-fluid rounded img-thumbnail" alt="/">
<h5>caméra 2</h5>
</div>
<div class="col-4 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border-bottom">
<p></p>
</div>
<div class="col-4 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center border-bottom">
<select id="selectNumber">
<option>Choose a number</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>